Fabrication of core–shell structured MWCNT–Ti(TiC) using a one-pot reaction from a mixture of TiCl3, TiH2, and MWCNTs

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with metal titanium or carbide layers were prepared by heating a mixture of TiCl3, TiH2, and MWCNTs under vacuum. The resulting MWCNT–Ti(TiC) materials had a uniform and conformal core–shell structure. The thickness of the Ti(TiC) layer was determined by the deposition temperature and time. The amount of TiC in the shell depended primarily on the deposition temperature. Whether a metal or carbide coating was obtained was determined by controlling the deposition temperature. Ti(TiC)-coated MWCNTs showed better field emission properties than did pristine MWCNTs. This deposition method should prove to be a versatile route for fabricating other one-dimensional core–shell materials.