Functionalization of fullerene nanowhiskers using pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester in an aqueous solution

The functionalization of fullerene nanowhiskers was accomplished by non-covalent π–π interaction using pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester to immobilize target molecules on the nanowhiskers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy proved that the fullerene nanowhiskers were functionalized without damaging the nanostructure.