Preparation and application of Aliquat 336 functionalized chitosan adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II)

• A new design of chitosan-derived adsorbent ([A336][CMCTS]) is proposed.
• This functionalization route introduces adsorption–cooperation cations.
• The adsorbent displays excellent adsorption capabilities for Pb(II).
• An interesting ion-pair cooperation adsorption mechanism is proposed.
• Pb(II) ions in real waste water can be removed effectively.

We report here the rational design and the preparation of chitosan-derived adsorbent, trioctylmethyl ammonium carboxymethylated chitosan ([A336][CMCTS]) for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent fabricates as such represents a rational approach to enhance the adsorption capabilities, as well as avoid the agglomerate of chitosan effectively. Through a series of carefully executed experiments, we discover that both the cations and anions parts contribute to the adsorption of Pb(II), thus propose an interesting ion-associated complex adsorption mechanism. The as-prepared [A336][CMCTS] displays excellent adsorption capabilities, has a adsorption capacity of 143.3 mg g−1. 97.71% of Pb(II) in real waste water can be removed. This new design strategy and adsorption mechanism broadens the studies in this field and gives deep insight into Pb(II) adsorption behaviors. The as-prepared adsorbents are expected to be used for the removal of other heavy metal ions.

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