Microstructure and dielectric relaxation of dipolar defects in Mn-doped (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 single crystals

The atomic-scale defect structures in Mn-doped (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMNT) single crystal have been investigated by using X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Temperature-dependent diffusive dielectric loss peaks as a doping effect were found for Mn-doped PMNT. Combined with these experiments the structure of dipolar defects was confirmed. There is an oxygen vacancy around Mn2+ ions, and vacancy and ion interact strongly to form the charge-dipole [(MnTi2+)″-VO]. The dipolar defects will pin the domain walls, thereby reducing the dielectric loss of the crystals.