Electrochemical nano-grained calcium phosphate coatings on Ti–6Al–4V for biomaterial applications

Electrochemically deposited nano-grained calcium phosphate coatings were produced on titanium alloy substrates using aqueous electrolyte maintained at acidic pH. Different coatings were produced by using different cathodic current densities and/or ultrasonic agitation of the electrolytic bath. The structure of the coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrasonated bath produced coatings containing dicalcium phosphate dehydrate and the grain sizes were in the range of 50–100 nm.