Defect-dipole-induced two important macroscopic effects: The dielectric relaxation and the ferroelectric aging in hybrid-doped (Ba,Ca)TiO3 ceramics

► (Ba0.90Ca0.10)(Ti1−xCax)O3−x (BCT-C) ceramics were prepared using a conventional dry route. ► The defect dipoles were formed by hybrid-doping in BCT-C ceramics. ► The defect-dipole-induced two important macroscopic effects were observed in BCT-C ceramics. ► The possible reasons for the dielectric relaxation and the ferroelectric aging were given.