Performance study of macro-bending EDFA/Raman hybrid optical fiber amplifiers

• In this paper, we present an analytical study for a (macro-bending EDFA)/Raman hybrid optical amplifier.
• We used two-pump power in this model, forward pump for bending EDFA and backward for Raman amplifier.
• This system was considered to improve two character of the amplifier, the gain and noise figure reduction.

In this paper, we present an analytical study of a (macro-bending EDFA)/Raman hybrid optical amplifier. The bending radius is 4 mm with EDFA length 10 m with forward pump power in the range (100–500 mW) and Raman amplifier length (12–55 km) with backward pump power variations (80–200 mW) is considered in our model. Due to bending loss in EDFA, the gain of hybrid amplifier is increased to ~7 dB more than the normal EDFA/Raman hybrid amplifier and the noise figure is decreased by ~2 dB rather than without macro-bending EDFA/Raman hybrid amplifier. The signal to noise ratio (OSNR) calculations shows a better performance of macro-bending EDFA/Raman hybrid amplifier than without macro-bending one. A flat gain is obtained in the signal wavelength region (1560–1600 nm), which is the L-band. The calculated results for macro-bending case are compared with experimental results of normal case by Lee et al., in the L-band showing an increase in the gain, reduction in the noise figure and more gain flatness at the input signal −20 dBm for macro-bending EDFA/Raman hybrid amplifier.