Effect of In3+ concentration on the photorefraction and scattering properties in In:Fe:CU:LiNbO3 crystals at 532Â nm wavelength

The LiNbO3 crystals doped with Fe2O3, CuO and various In2O3, respectively, have been grown by the Czochralski method in air atmosphere. The photorefractive properties at 532 nm wavelength were measured by using the typical two-wave coupling experiments. Meanwhile, the incident exposure energy flux threshold for the light-induced scattering was characterized to investigate the scattering properties of the crystals. The results show that the response time shortens, the recording sensitivity improves, and the light-induced scattering decreases with the increasing In3+ ions concentration. However, the doping of In3+ ions leads to the decrease of the diffraction efficiency and the gain coefficient. So, the appropriate In3+ ions concentration should be doping in In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals to adapt our practical application in the green light region photorefractive holographic recording.