A phase-image watermarking scheme in gyrator domain using devil's vortex Fresnel lens as a phase mask

We propose a watermarking scheme for phase images, based on the use of devil's vortex Fresnel lens (DVFL) as a phase mask. The DVFL provides much-desired parameter-rich phase masks which contribute to the enhanced security of the scheme in addition to overcoming the problem of axis alignment in the optical setup. The scheme uses gyrator transform (GT) in the input and the frequency domains to encrypt the input phase image before combining it with a host image. The scheme is validated for its efficacy, and analyzed for its sensitivity to various encryption parameters. Finally, it is examined for its robustness against occlusion and noise attacks.