Spectral tuning via multi-phonon-assisted stokes and anti-stokes excitations in LaF3: Tm3+ nanoparticles

An effective method to tailor upconversion from LaF3: Tm3+ nanoparticles by adjusting ambient temperature accompanied with the short-pulse laser excitation is presented and the spectral tuning mechanism based the modification on multi-phonon relaxation rate and multi-phonon-assisted excited state absorption is also revealed.186