Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic closed-die forging

► As-cast AZ31 Mg alloy is refined by cyclic closed-die forging at 350-450 °C. ► The (0 0 0 2) basal texture gradually forms during CCDF process. ► Simultaneous increase in both strength and ductility is observed during CCDF. ► After CCDF at 450 °C, AZ31 has a 239 MPa tensile strength and 25.1% elongation.