Invariant reactions, monovariant liquidus projections and their topological relations for isobaric multicomponent systems

In order to explore phase equilibria for multicomponent systems, two-dimensional monovariant liquidus projections are frequently utilized, which are composed of net-like configurations, with lines and points denoting monovariant and invariant equilibria, respectively. The phases involved in invariant equilibria can be given in the form of invariant reactions, the nature of which can be reflected from the arrangement of monovariant lines around invariant nodal points. With the rapid development of computational thermodynamics, there is a necessity to gain an in-depth understanding of invariant reactions, monovariant liquidus projections and their topological relations, especially for the systems in which there exist liquid miscibility gap. To this end, this work is established to provide such information from a fundamental and contemporary point of view.