Synthesis of CuInSe2 thin film by a hydroxides-based deposition process

► CuInSe2 thin films free from In2O3 have been successfully prepared by selenizing hydroxide precursors without hydrogen reduction. ► The influence of pre-annealing temperature on the preparation of single phase CIS films has been investigated. ► A Cu-deficient surface layer was found although the bulk composition was Cu-rich.