Bridgman growth, crystallographic characterization and electrical properties of relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystal PIMNT

► PIMNT single crystal as large as Ø55 × 100 mm was grown successfully by seeded vertical Bridgman process described in this work. ► The intrinsic phase evolution of PIMNT crystal boule together with the distribution of piezoelectric coefficient were revealed. ► As-grown crystal boule with a high percentage of rhombohedral region enables a significant improved usage ratio as a piezoelectric material with high performances. ► PIMNT crystal wafers with excellent electrical properties have been practically applied in the manufacture of sonar transducers and ultrasonic motors.