High field magnetic anisotropy in praseodymium gallium garnet at low temperatures

▶ A detailed analysis of crystal field effect is presented, and a set of new crystal field parameters is given to study the magnetic behaviors of the paramagnetic praseodymium gallium garnet (PrGaG). ▶ The contribution of the exchange interaction between the praseodymium ions to the magnetic properties of PrGaG is further explored. Meanwhile, some characteristics of exchange interaction are revealed. ▶ With the consideration of crystal field and exchange interaction, the available experiments are successfully fitted by our theoretical model. ▶ Our theory suggests that PrGaG is ferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, and the exchange interaction is anisotropic.