Correlation between the continuous casting parameters and secondary dendrite arm spacing in the mold region

► New model can investigate the effect of practical parameters on the SDAS. ► The effect of mold level on SDAS is negligible. ► Increasing the mold frequency and mold powder viscosity decreases the SDAS. ► Increasing the casting speed decreases the SDAS. ► Increasing the mold taper increases the SDAS.