Towards new graphene materials: Doped graphene sheets and nanoribbons

Pristine graphene behaves like a zero-band-gap semiconductor and in order to develop electronic applications, it is highly desirable to open the band gap of graphene. In this context, doping constitutes a powerful route to tailor the electronic properties of graphene. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art achievements regarding the doping of graphene sheets and nanoribbons. The characterization techniques and applications of doped graphene sheets and nanoribbons are reviewed. Based on recent achievements, the perspectives and future research related to doped graphenes are discussed.

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► Doping is a powerful way to modify the properties of graphene-like materials.
► Their electronic properties could be tailored by controlling doping parameters.
► Spectroscopy and microscopy have been used to characterize doped graphenes.
► Doped graphenes could be used in electronics, energy storage, and bio-devices.
► Further experimental and theoretical work on doped graphene need to be carried out.