A 3D FE model with plastic shot for evaluation of equi-biaxial peening residual stress due to multi-impacts

► The concepts such as FE peening coverage, impact sequence and cycle-repetition are introduced. ► Impact velocity needed for comparing FE solution with XRD result is determined from the Almen arc height and coverage. ► To our knowledge about the shot-peening FE analyses, convergence to equi-biaxial stress state is first dealt in this paper.