Flash-ignitable nanoenergetic materials with tunable underwater explosion reactivity: The role of sea urchin-like carbon nanotubes

The underwater applications of nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) could be extended by developing more convenient and reliable ignition methods. However, the underwater ignition of nEMs is a significant challenge because water perturbs the reactants prior to ignition and also quenches the subsequent combustion reaction of nEMs upon ignition. In this study, we developed flash-ignitable nEMs for underwater explosion. This was achieved by adding sea urchin-like carbon nanotubes (SUCNTs) as the optical igniter into an nEM matrix, composed of Al/CuO nanoparticles. The SUCNTs absorb the irradiated flash energy and rapidly convert it into thermal energy, and then the thermal energy is concentrated to ignite the core catalysts and neighboring nEMs. The maximum burn rate was achieved by adding 1 wt% SUCNTs into the nEM matrix. The burn rate significantly decreased with increasing amount of SUCNTs (⩾2 wt%), indicating that the remote flash ignition and controlled-explosion reactivity of nEMs are possible by incorporating an appropriate amount of SUCNTs.