A numerical model for ice crushing on concave surfaces

Laboratory scale cone-shaped ice compressive tests were performed, and a corresponding numerical simulation model using LS-DYNA® was conducted. The numerical ice material model was based on a crushable foam model (MAT 63) with modified material properties applied. To simulate the saw tooth load-displacement pattern, which is commonly observed in experiments in ice, an additional function of 'maximum principal stress' failure criteria was added. The results of the experimental and numerical simulation were compared. The proposed numerical simulation model was extended to a 25 cm diameter cone-shaped ice specimen and a number of concave-shaped indenter cases were validated.