Three-dimensional flow characteristics around permeable submerged breakwaters with open inlet

► A 3-D numerical model, LES-WASS-3D, was newly proposed. ► Wave breaking point over the crest increases as R/Hi decreases and Hi/Li increases. ► Difference of MSL between offshore and onshore increases as R/Hi and Hi/Li decreases. ► Circular flow becomes larger as MSL difference between offshore and onshore increases.