Dynamic operation model of the battery swapping station for EV (electric vehicle) in electricity market

• The current situation and the potential impact of EV development have been presented.
• The comparison between the newly emerged BSS and the traditional BCS has been made.
• The dynamic operation model of BSS has been proposed and mathematically formulated.
• The market strategy of BSS has been analyzed to increase the profit from price fluctuation.
• The feasibility and the operability of the model have been confirmed in the simulation.

The BSS (battery swapping station) is a newly proposed mode of supplying power to the EV (electric vehicle). Different from the BCS (battery charging station), the BSS prepares the batteries for EVs in advance and could complete the battery swapping in a short time. The operations designed for the BCS are not appropriate for BSS anymore and the researches about BSS are at the early stage. In this paper, we propose a dynamic operation model of BSS in electricity market. The new model is based on the short-term battery management and includes the mathematical formulation and market strategy. We have tested the model in a 24-hour simulation. The result shows clearly that the BSS makes decisions in market environment through tracing the number of batteries in different kinds of states and acquires additional revenue by responding actively to the price fluctuation in electricity market. The feasibility and the practicability of the model are confirmed.