Effectiveness of single and multiple energy retrofit measures on the energy consumption of office buildings

►ERMs reduce building enxergy consumption dependent upon the climate, the building characteristics and the interaction effects. ►ERMs may be completely or partially additive and may have conflicting effects, e.g., roof insulation and solar absorptance. ►Our office building simulatixons show that climate impacts natural gas usage more than electricity usage. ►Heating and cooling loads vaxry with climate and building characteristics and react differently to some ERMs we simulated. ►To properly evaluate the energy reduction of ERMs a complete simulation of the combined ERMs must be performed.