Heat induced voltage generation in electrochemical cell containing zinc oxide nanoparticles

The quest for alternative energy sources has stimulated interest in several new materials. Using an aqueous suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles in specially-designed electrochemical cells we have observed significant voltage (maximum 498.0 mV) and storage capacity (∼60 h) upon thermal excitation. Voltage increased gradually with increasing temperature. The cells exhibited reasonable energy conversion efficiency (maximum 1.05%). Moreover, increases in efficiency and storage duration were observed with the insertion of a planar lipid membrane (PLM) within the electrochemical cell, since the hydrophobic barrier of the lipid membrane hindered back recombination of the charges produced by thermal excitation. The novelty of the cells lies in the fact that voltage was generated by utilizing the heat energy of solar radiation, as opposed to the light quanta of the solar influx used in conventional photovoltaic cells.