Precise performance characterization of perovskite solar cells

• Precise performance characterization of various perovskite solar cells.
• Confirming the hysteresis effects of the I-V curves over wide conditions.
• Estimating stable Pmax at a fixed voltage around the maximum operation voltage.

Experimental procedure for precisely characterizing the performance of perovskite solar cells such as the current-voltage (I-V) curves and the maximum output power Pmax is investigated, based on results of the samples with different structures. Special care is taken for the hysteresis effects. Confirming the hysteresis of the I-V curves in a wide range including the timescale of minutes is preferred for precise measurements, since the hysteresis remains for more than 10 min in some samples. When the hysteresis is persistent even for a long sweep time, the stable Pmax can be determined by examining the temporal trend of the output current by fixing the bias voltage at near Vpm after forward and reverse bias histories.