Novel self-growth photocatalytic rod-like heterojunction for hydrogen production under visible light

• Novel H3ONb3O8–CuNb3O8 (HN–CN) semiconductors with a configuration of rod-like heterojunction were formed through an analogous self-growth process.
• A possible formation mechanism of CN phase has been proposed, which is crystal structure transition from orthogonal to monoclinic (O–M).
• The as-prepared HN–CN sample showed a broad absorption range (~800 nm) and a model was proposed to explain the improvement in photocatalytic activity.
• This study may provide a new way to the preparation of the p–n junction for efficient hydrogen production under visible light.

Novel H3ONb3O8–CuNb3O8 (HN–CN) semiconductors with a configuration of rod-like heterojunction were formed through analogous self-growth process, including ion-exchange and crystal structure transition processes. A p-type CuNb3O8 nano-semiconductor was grown on a layer structured rod-like KNb3O8 crystal and the as-prepared HN–CN sample showed a broad absorption range (~800 nm). Especially, the HN–CN sample exhibited an improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production, and a model was proposed to explain the improvement in photocatalytic activity. Current study may provide a new way for the preparation of the p–n heterojunction with high performance under visible light.