Current-driven metamaterial homogenization

A current-driven homogenization (CDH) approach to calculating all 36 linear constitutive parameters of a metamaterial crystal is presented. Spatial dispersion is accounted for by evaluating the constitutive parameters as a function of frequency and wavenumber. For two-dimensional centrosymmetric crystals spatial dispersion is shown to result in bianisotropy. The accuracy of the CDH constitutive parameters is verified by comparing the radiation efficiencies of a simple directional antenna embedded inside the homogenized and un-homogenized metamaterial slabs.