Influence of 90° domain switching on the physical properties of tetragonal barium titanate single crystals

In this paper, we report the influence of 90° domain switching on the physical properties of tetragonal BaTiO3 single crystals. It is found that the contribution of 90° domain switching to the piezoelectric response is much larger in magnitude than the contribution of the direct piezoelectric effect under large external mechanical stress. Simultaneously, the interconversion of a and c crystallographic axes and the large actuation strain as high as 1% is induced by 90° domain switching in the tetragonal BaTiO3 single crystal.