Magnetization loops and pinning force of Bi-2212 single-crystal whiskers

Dependence of magnetization on applied magnetic field for single-crystal Bi-2212 whiskers was measured at different temperatures. Symmetric and asymmetric magnetization loops were successfully described by the extended critical state model (the extended Valkov–Khrustalev model). Pinning force of whiskers was investigated.

Research highlights
► We observed symmetric and asymmetric magnetization loops of single crystal Bi-2212 whiskers.
► Dependencies of pinning force on magnetic field demonstrate different positions of the maximum.
► The extended Valkov–Khrustalev model fits the magnetization loops at different temperatures.
► The estimated pinning force may be defined not only the point defects but the sample size too.