Chemical freeze-out and higher order multiplicity moments

We calculate the non-normalized moments of the particle multiplicity within the framework of the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. At finite chemical potential μ, a non-monotonic behavior is observed in the thermal evolution of third order moment (skewness S) and the higher order ones as well. The signatures of non-monotonicity in the normalized fourth order moment (kurtosis κ) and its products get very clear. Among others, this observation likely reflects dynamical fluctuations and strong correlations. Based on these findings, we introduce the physics of the universal freeze-out curve. It is found that the chemical freeze-out parameters T and μ   are described by vanishing κσ2κσ2 or equivalently m4=3χ2m4=3χ2, where σ, χ   and m4m4 are the standard deviation, susceptibility and fourth order moment, respectively. The fact that the HRG model is not able to release information about criticality related to the confinement and chiral dynamics should not veil the observations related to the chemical freeze-out. Recent lattice QCD studies strongly advocate the main conclusion of the present paper.