A (1+1)-dimensional example of Quarkyonic matter

We analyze the (1+1)-dimensional QCD (QCD2) at finite density to consider a number of qualitative issues: confinement in dense quark matter, the chiral symmetry breaking near the Fermi surface, the relation between chiral spirals and quark number density, and a possibility of the spontaneous flavor symmetry breaking. We argue that while the free energy is dominated by perturbative quarks, confined excitations at zero density can persist up to high density. So quark matter in QCD2 is an example of Quarkyonic matter. The non-Abelian bosonization and associated charge–flavor–color separation are mainly used in order to clarify basic structures of QCD2 at finite density.