Neutrino–nucleus cross section at low energies

The methods of evaluating neutrino–nucleus cross section at low energies (<100 MeV) are reviewed and the most important applications of these processes are discussed. First, the neutrino–nucleon and neutrino–deuteron charged and neutral current reactions are described. These are well studied experimentally, and well understood theoretically. This is contrasted with the situation on complex nuclei where the experimental information is rare, restricted essentially to one target, 12C. The need for more benchmark experiments that should serve as test cases for theoretical evaluation, is stressed.