Cytokines and neuronal channels: A molecular basis for age-related decline of neuronal function?

The achievement that cytokines and all the related “transducing machinery” are expressed within the central nervous system and play a consistent role in the modulation of neurological functions and dysfunctions, has allowed a novel interpretation of brain behaviour. In this view, neuroinflammation and cytokines production has been acknowledged as potential triggers of the functional changes occurring in the brain during “normal” and “pathological” aging. In particular the aged brain seems to be characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A growing number of reports show that cytokines may specifically interact with neuronal channels regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and responses to injury. By reviewing literature and data obtained in our laboratory, we discuss the hypothesis that cytokines modulation of neuronal channels might occur during the aging process and play a role in aged related decline of neuronal functions.

Research Highlights
► An increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines characterizes the aged brain.
► Cytokines are involved in cognitive impairment and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
► In general, pro-inflammatory cytokines negatively influence neuronal functions.
► Cytokines modulate neuronal ion channels.
► Modulation of ion channels could play a role in some features of brain aging.