Oxidative effects of nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure in cells and cell-free media

► Nanosecond electric pulses permeabilize cell membrane. ► We found that nanosecond electric pulses also cause ROS production. ► Exposure to nanosecond pulses increased ROS levels both in cells and in cell-free-media. ► ROS formation may lead to cell stimulation and/or oxidative cell damage.