کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1944579 1053226 2011 20 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Adenosine receptors and brain diseases: Neuroprotection and neurodegeneration
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری بیوشیمی، ژنتیک و زیست شناسی مولکولی زیست شیمی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Adenosine receptors and brain diseases: Neuroprotection and neurodegeneration
چکیده انگلیسی

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory A1 receptors (A1R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR), mostly controlling excitatory glutamatergic synapses: A1R impose a tonic brake on excitatory transmission, whereas A2AR are selectively engaged to promote synaptic plasticity phenomena. This neuromodulatory role of adenosine is strikingly similar to the role of adenosine in the control of brain disorders; thus, A1R mostly act as a hurdle that needs to be overcame to begin neurodegeneration and, accordingly, A1R only effectively control neurodegeneration if activated in the temporal vicinity of brain insults; in contrast, the blockade of A2AR alleviates the long-term burden of brain disorders in different neurodegenerative conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease and also seem to afford benefits in some psychiatric conditions. In spite of this qualitative agreement between neuromodulation and neuroprotection by A1R and A2AR, it is still unclear if the role of A1R and A2AR in the control of neuroprotection is mostly due to the control of glutamatergic transmission, or if it is instead due to the different homeostatic roles of these receptors related with the control of metabolism, of neuron–glia communication, of neuroinflammation, of neurogenesis or of the control of action of growth factors. In spite of this current mechanistic uncertainty, it seems evident that targeting adenosine receptors might indeed constitute a novel strategy to control the demise of different neurological and psychiatric disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: “Adenosine Receptors”.

Research Highlights
► Bolstering the effects of adenosine A1 receptors affords neuroprotection.
► Blocking the effects of adenosine A2A receptors affords neuroprotection.
► Chronic consumption of caffeine affords neuroprotection.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes - Volume 1808, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 1380–1399
نویسندگان
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