Combination of carvacrol and rosiglitazone ameliorates high fat diet induced changes in lipids and inflammatory markers in C57BL/6J mice

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of carvacrol (CVL) and rosiglitazone (RSG) combination on diabetic mice. HFD-induced C57BL/6J diabetic mice showed an elevation in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma and tissues. Further, increased levels of very low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased level of high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) were observed in the plasma of diabetic mice. Diabetic mice treated with CVL and RSG significantly modulates all these parameters towards normality. Histopathological analysis of adipose tissues and immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissue for inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were in agreement with the biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that combination of CVL and RSG has better antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect than treatment with individual compound.