β-defensin-3 negatively regulates TLR4-HMGB1 axis mediated HLA-G expression in IL-1β treated glioma cells

► IL-1β induces HLA-G and TLR4 expression in a HIF-1α dependent manner in glioma. ► IL-1β induces HMGB1-TLR4 axis, and this axis regulates HLA-G expression. ► GBM tumors possess elevated HMGB1 and β-defensin-3. ► hBD3 inhibits IL-1β induced HLA-G, TLR4, HMGB1 expression. ► hBD3 abrogates IL-1β induced pro-inflammatory mediators.