Variation of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) over time in pediatric cancer patients with febrile illness and its relevance to identified pathogen

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation of serum CRP with clinical and laboratory parameters proven to be related to the cause of infection in pediatric cancer patients.MethodsWe studied prospectively for a 12-month period, 37 pediatric cancer patients, who presented with 70 episodes of febrile illness (38 bacterial and 13 viral infections).At fever's onset and 48 h later, infection indices, such as CRP, WBC, ANC were measured in the peripheral blood. Moreover we calculated the change rate of CRP over 48 h [CRP/t = (CRP48h − initial CRP) / t (t = 2 days)]. Cultures of biological fluids, PCR and antibody detection of infectious agents were also obtained.ResultsWhen comparing patients with viral vs. bacterial infections, mean CRP levels on admission (11.0 vs. 33.1 mg/L, p = 0.005) and at 48 h (13.4 vs. 71.9 mg/L, p = 0.0007), and CRP/t (0.9 vs. 18.8 mg/L/day, p = 0.030) were significantly lower in the group with viral infection.At 48 h - follow-up, patients with positive culture had higher CRP levels (57.3 vs. 43.3 mg/L, p = 0.048) and higher CRP/t (15.9 vs. 7.7 mg/L/day, p = 0.025), compared to those without proven infection. CRP/t at 48 h was correlated with both the fever duration (r = 0.27, p = 0.027) and maximum temperature (Tmax) during the febrile episode (r = 0.30, p = 0.013).ConclusionsSingle CRP values on fever initiation can differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in febrile pediatric cancer patients. Moreover the change rate of CRP over time (CRP/t) is offered as a prognostic index of bacterial infection and a marker of the total duration of fever and Tmax.

► 70 episodes of febrile illness of 37 pediatric cancer patients were studied.
► CRP levels and its change rate over time (CRP/t) were evaluated.
► CRP values could differentiate between bacterial and viral infections.
► CRP/t could be used for Identifying patients at high risk of bacterial infection.
► CRP/t is offered as a marker of the total duration of fever and Tmax.