HDL 2 Particles are associated with hyperglycaemia, lower PON1 activity and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

ObjectivesIn this study we examined the relationship of oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia to antioxidative capacity of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) particles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Design and methodsOxidative stress status parameters (superoxide anion (O2−), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and paraoxonase (PON1) status were assessed in 114 patients with type 2 DM and 91 healthy subjects. HDL particle diameters were determined by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient (3–31%) gel electrophoresis.ResultsPatients had significantly higher concentrations of oxidative stress parameter O2−(p < 0.001) and antioxidative defence, SOD activity (p < 0.001). Paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in diabetics (p < 0.001). The PON1192 phenotype distribution among study groups was not significantly different. HDL 3 phenotype was significantly prevalent among patients (p < 0.001). Paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in patients with predominantly HDL 2 particles than in controls.ConclusionsThe results of our current study indicate that the diabetic HDL 2 phenotype is associated with hyperglycaemia, lower PON1 activity and elevated oxidative stress.