Expression of recombinant glycoproteins in mammalian cells: towards an integrative approach to structural biology

• Mammalian cell expression is an essential tool for integrative structural biology.
• Se-Met, isotope and non-natural amino acid labeled glycoproteins can be produced.
• New structural toolkit includes in-cell NMR, X-ray and super-resolution microscopy.
• New evidence emerged for supra-molecular organization of cell surface receptors.
• Key advances were made towards ‘universal’ vaccines and glycoengineered antibodies.

Mammalian cells are rapidly becoming the system of choice for the production of recombinant glycoproteins for structural biology applications. Their use has enabled the structural investigation of a whole new set of targets including large, multi-domain and highly glycosylated eukaryotic cell surface receptors and their supra-molecular assemblies. We summarize the technical advances that have been made in mammalian expression technology and highlight some of the structural insights that have been obtained using these methods. Looking forward, it is clear that mammalian cell expression will provide exciting and unique opportunities for an integrative approach to the structural study of proteins, especially of human origin and medically relevant, by bridging the gap between the purified state and the cellular context.