Determination of antibiotic residues and their interaction in milk with lactate biosensor

Due to the respiration process of bacteria in raw milk, the dynamics of the biosensor signal was different in warm and cold seasons. The respiration characteristics were added to the biosensor model as a negative linear time-depending factor. The reaction characteristic parameters, obtained with this complemented model, showed excellent alignment in different conditions and allowed to detect antibiotic residues and their interaction in raw milk.