Alanine scanning mutational analysis of the ligand binding pocket of the human Vitamin D receptor

We achieved exhaustive alanine scanning mutational analysis of the amino acid residues lining the ligand binding pocket of the Vitamin D receptor to investigate the mechanism of the ligand recognition by the receptor. This is the first exhaustive analysis in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Our results demonstrated the role and importance of all the residues lining the ligand binding pocket. In addition, this analysis was found to indicate ligand-specific ligand–protein interactions, which have key importance in determining the transactivation potency of the individual ligands. Thus, the analysis using 1β-methyl-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 revealed the specific van der Waals interactions of 1β-methyl group with the receptor.