Glucose-Induced β-Catenin Acetylation Enhances Wnt Signaling in Cancer

SummaryNuclear accumulation of β-catenin, a widely recognized marker of poor cancer prognosis, drives cancer cell proliferation and senescence bypass and regulates incretins, critical regulators of fat and glucose metabolism. Diabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is associated with increased cancer risk, partly because of increased insulin growth factor 1 signaling, but whether elevated glucose directly impacts cancer-associated signal-transduction pathways is unknown. Here, we show that high glucose is essential for nuclear localization of β-catenin in response to Wnt signaling. Glucose-dependent β-catenin nuclear retention requires lysine 354 and is mediated by alteration of the balance between p300 and sirtuins that trigger β-catenin acetylation. Consequently β-catenin accumulates in the nucleus and activates target promoters under combined glucose and Wnt stimulation, but not with either stimulus alone. Our results reveal a mechanism by which high glucose enhances signaling through the cancer-associated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may explain the increased frequency of cancer associated with obesity and diabetes.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload high-quality image (172 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► High-glucose amplification of Wnt signaling ties a cancer-related pathway to diabetes
► High glucose induces p300 and inhibits SIRT1
► High glucose increases β-catenin acetylation and requires β-catenin lysine 354
► High glucose increases nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin