Beyond transcription: RNA-binding proteins as emerging regulators of plant response to environmental constraints

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) govern many aspects of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA processing, transport, stability/decay and translation. Although relatively few plant RNA-binding proteins have been characterized genetically and biochemically, more than 200 RBP genes have been predicted in Arabidopsis and rice genomes, suggesting that they might serve specific plant functions. Besides their role in normal cellular functions, RBPs are emerging also as an interesting class of proteins involved in a wide range of post-transcriptional regulatory events that are important in providing plants with the ability to respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we review the most recent results and evidence on the functional role of RBPs in plant adaptation to various unfavourable environmental conditions and their contribution to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, with special emphasis on osmotic and temperature stress.

► RNA-binding proteins (RBS) are involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism.
► More than 200 genes coding for RPB have been described in plant genomes.
► RBPs modulate crucial process during plant development and response to stress signals.
► The function of few plant RBPs has been experimentally characterized.
► RBPs contribute to plant adaptation to environmental signals by unknown mechanisms.