The emerging roles of protein glutathionylation in chloroplasts

► In this review, we present the possible mechanisms of protein glutathionylation. ► We introduce the chloroplast systems of glutaredoxins and thioredoxins, in order to pinpoint the biochemical properties that make some glutaredoxin isoforms the master enzymes in deglutathionylation. ► We discuss the possible roles of glutathionylation in thiol protection, ROS scavenging and redox signaling in chloroplasts, with emphasis on the crosstalk between thioredoxin- and glutaredoxin-mediated signaling pathways.