Experimental and theoretical study on liquid–liquid equilibrium of 1-butanol + water + NH4Cl at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K

In this work, the phase behavior of mixed solvent electrolyte systems containing 1-butanol + water + ammonium chloride at temperatures of 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure have been studied experimentally and theoretically. For the studied systems, liquid–liquid equilibrium has been observed throughout the studied temperature range. Ammonium chloride shows a salting out effect in the two phase region, while temperature has a minor effect on the liquid–liquid equilibria in the studied temperature range. The measured experimental data have been modeled using a modified version of the extended UNIQUAC model. The model has been found to give a satisfactory description of LLE data obtained in this work, with an average absolute deviation of less than 1.5% in calculated mass fractions compared to experimental data.

► Experimental LLE data for water + 1-butanol + ammonium chloride system have been measured.
► The salting-out effect has been detected due to the addition of ammonium chloride.
► The modified extended UNIQUAC model has been used to correlate the phase behaviour.
► A good agreement has been observed between the calculated and the measured data.