Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is expressed in cancer cells and localizes to nuclei

Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain is expressed at high levels in brain and myogenic tissues, consistent with a role to inhibit apoptosis in the terminally differentiated cells. Expression of ARC in cancers is not known. In this study, we reported that ARC was highly expressed in various non-myogenic and non-neurogenic human and rat cancer cell lines. Unexpectedly, ARC was localized almost exclusively to the nuclei of cancer cells, which was unlike the cytoplasmic localization of ARC in non-cancer cells. Furthermore, nuclear ARC in cancer cells did not co-localize with nucleolus protein of 30 kDa, an alternatively spliced ARC isoform. These findings indicate that ARC is distributed differently in cancer cells than non-cancer cells and thus might play a role in neoplastic transformation.