Supermolecular evodiamine loaded water-in-oil nanoemulsions: Enhanced physicochemical and biological characteristics

• NESEB was fabricated by applying phytosome and emulsifying nanotechnologies together.
• NESEB was fabricated by using synergistic plant essential oil as a basic composition.
• The intestinal absorption of NESEB was 3.65–6.76 times that of free EVO.
• The relative oral bioavailability of NESEB to free EVO was 846.97%.
• The improved bioavailability of NESEB was likely due to the increased absorption.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the supermolecular evodiamine (EVO) loaded water-in-oil nanoemulsions containing brucea javanica oil (NESEB) with enhanced physicochemical and biological characteristics. NESEB was fabricated by applying supermolecular phytosome nanotechnology and nanoemulsification technology together, in addition to using synergistic plant essential oil as a basic composition. Preferred physicochemical and biological characteristics of NESEB were investigated and compared with free EVO and other nanoemulsive EVO carriers. The possible explanations for improved absorption and bioavailability were put forward here. NESEB had high absorption and bioavailability, for example: the absorption rate constants and permeabilities of NESEB in different intestinal segments were 3.65–6.76 times that of free EVO; the relative bioavailability of NESEB to free EVO was 846.97%. NESEB markedly improved the oral bioavailability of EVO, which was most likely due to the increased gastrointestinal absorption. The development of nanoemulsion-based supermolecular EVO nanocarriers provides valuable tactics in insoluble natural antitumor drug delivering.

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