A metallic solution model with adjustable parameter for describing ternary thermodynamic properties from its binary constituents

A metallic solution model with adjustable parameter k has been developed to predict thermodynamic properties of ternary systems from those of its constituent three binaries. In the present model, the excess Gibbs free energy for a ternary mixture is expressed as a weighted probability sum of those of binaries and the k value is determined based on an assumption that the ternary interaction generally strengthens the mixing effects for metallic solutions with weak interaction, making the Gibbs free energy of mixing of the ternary system more negative than that before considering the interaction. This point is never considered in the models currently reported, where the only difference in a geometrical definition of molar values of components is considered that do not involve thermodynamic principles but are completely empirical. The current model describes the results of experiments very well, and by adjusting the k value also agrees with those from models used widely in the literature. Three ternary systems, Mg–Cu–Ni, Zn–In–Cd, and Cd–Bi–Pb are recalculated to demonstrate the method of determining k and the precision of the model. The results of the calculations, especially those in Mg–Cu–Ni system, are better than those predicted by the current models in the literature.