Growth factor-dependent branching of the ureteric bud is modulated by selective 6-O sulfation of heparan sulfate

► HS is found along the UB potentially localizing growth factors to specific UB areas. ► 6-OS sulfated HS is key to the growth and development of the kidney. ► Branching morphogenesis is most sensitive to the HS 6-O sulfation modification. ► Many UB branching morphogens have higher affinity to heparin containing 6-OS. ► Variably sulfated HS play a key role in regulating/modulating kidney development. ► MM-derived nephron formation is more dependent upon 2OS modified HS. ► 6OS modified HS is more important in UB branching morphogenesis.